Migrating SQL Server to UTF-8 Collations Without Breaking Data
In SQL Server 2019 and later, varchar columns using a collation whose name ends in _UTF8 can store Unicode text, so not every text column has to become nvarchar. The change is more than a single database setting, though: comparisons, sorting, unique indexes and storage sizes all shift. The article lays out a step-by-step path from column inventory to production rollout.